| 摘要: |
| 珍珠贝科的种类都属暖水种，广泛分布在热带-亚热带海区。由于珍珠贝能产生价值很高的珍珠，长时期来一直是重要的捕捞对象。在我国不仅有产优质珍珠的母贝，而且还有许多适于珍珠贝生长的良好海湾；大力发展人工养殖和育珠，对增加水产资源、支援我国社会主义建设有着重要的作用。为此，搞清我国沿海珍珠贝科的种类及其分布，也是十分必要的。
珍珠贝科和其他贝类一样，早在Linnaeus(1758)时已有记载。其后Lamarck(1819)，Adams(1857)， Reeve(1857)及Dunker (1872)等都有系统的报道，但由于多数种的形态具有较大程度的变异性，所以在分类上一直存在着比较混乱的现象。早期的分类仅根据模式标本的外部特征，后来虽有些学者也曾注意到珍珠贝的形态变异，但由于当时条件所限，往往将一些变异类型订为不同的种。 |
| 关键词: 珍珠贝科 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第406号 |
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| A STUDY OF THE CHINESE OF THE FAMILY PTERIIDAE (MOLLUSCA) |
|
WANG ZHEN-RUI
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Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica
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| Abstract: |
| Samples of pteriid molluscs from extensive collections made in the South China Sea and the East China Sea from 1950 to 1976 serve as material for this study.
The family Pteriidae consists mainly of warm-water species. With the exception of Pinctada radiate (Leach) which is a cosmopolitan species, all the other species are restricted to the Indo-West-Pacific region. They are found to occur mainly in the South China Sea, with only a few occurring in the East China Sea，none being found northwards.
A total of 17 species belonging to 4 genera is identified, of which 7 species are first recorded in Chinese waters. Six species, namely, Pteria (Austropteria), antelata (Iredale), P. (A.) cypsellus (Dunker), P. (A.) chinesis (Leach) Pinctada maxima (Jameson) , P. margaritifera(Linnaeus) , and Electroma ovata (Quoy and Gaimard) are found to occur in the Xisha Islands. Of these, Pinctada maxima (Jameson), Pteria (Austropteria), cypsellus (Dunker) and Electroma ovata(Quoy and Gaimard) are found as far north as the coast of Hainan Island, Pinctada margaritifera (Linnaeus) as far north as the coast of Guangdong Province, Pteria (Austropteria) chinensis (Leach) as far north as the East China Sea, while P. (A.) antelata (Iredale) is not found elsewhere other than the Xisha Islands. Two species--Pinctada nigra (Gould) and P. anomioides (Reeve) are found to occur only in Hainan Island. Six other species, namely P. martensi (Dunker), P. chemnitzi (Philippi), P. radiate (Leach), Pteria (Magnavicula) penguin (R?ding), P. (A.) lata (Gray) and P.(A.) contunix (Dunker) are distributed along the coast of Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Of these, the first two species are more abundant than the other species and may be distributed as far north as Dongshan in Fujian Province. Two species--P. (A.) brevialata (Dunker) and P. (A.) dendronephthya Habe are found only in the deeper waters of the South China Sea. Only one species--Pterelectroma zebra (Reeve) is found in the deeper waters off the eastern and northern coast of the Hainan Island and extends its distribution further northwords to as far as the East China Sea. |
| Key words: pteriid molluscs |
