| 摘要: |
| 江珧科至今在世界上发现的种类虽不算多，但因其经济价值教高，某些种产量大而分布较广，故长期以来一直为人们所重视。江珧科的种类全部是海产，分布在温带和热带海区，尤以印度洋和太平洋的种类为最多，主要生活在浅海，一般自潮间带的中、下区直到100多米的深度皆有发现，自低潮线附近至50米深度之间的浅水区最为繁盛。
从我们所搜集的资料中，可以看出江珧的形态变异极大，不仅幼体与成体的形态变化大，而且不同个体之间及地区间的差异也较大，所以在鉴定种类时常遇到较大的困难。Reeve虽早已注意到这一点，但他仍将许多同一种中的形态变异的个体订为不同的种，以至后来为许多学者所合并。
本文的资料，大部为中国科学院海洋研究所历年在中国沿海潮间带所采集的标本，小部分系全国海洋普查底栖生物拖网所获。经初步鉴定共有3亚属9种，其中除栉江珧在我国各海区都有分布、细长裂江珧及羽状江珧在东海及南海均有分布外，其余各种仅分布在南海。我们根据较多的标本对以往记载的种，特别是形态变异比较大的种，做了详细的观察比较，澄清了一些种名混乱的现象。 |
| 关键词: 江珧 鉴定 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第217号 |
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| PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON CHINESE PINNIDAE |
|
WANG ZHEN-RUI
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Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica
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| Abstract: |
| 1. The present paper dealing with the species of Chinese Pinnidae is based on materials collected from the littoral and sublittoral zones along the coast of China during the last 12 years. The following 9 species were found:
(1) Pinna atropurpurea Sowerby
(2) Pinna muricata Linné
(3) Pinna attenuata Reeve
(4) Pinna bicolor Gmelin
(5) Pinna (Atrina) vexillum Born
(6) Pinna (Atrina) pectinata Linné
(7) Pinna (Atrina) penna Reeve
(8) Pinna (Atrina) inflata Wood
(9) Pinna (Streptopinna) saccata Linné
2. The species of Pinna of the China coast belong to the Indo-West-Pacific fauna. Their centre of distribution is in the Indo-Malayan subregion. Of these species, only Pinna (Atrina) pectinata has a wind Indo-West-Pacific distribution ,extending northward to the Yellow Sea (about 36°N. on the China coast) and the middle part of Honshu (37 °N. on the Pacific coast, 39°N. on the Japan Sea coast) and southward to the coast of South Australia, occurring either in the tropical, subtropical or. even the warm ternperate regions. Pinna (Atrina) penna is restricted to the Indo-Malayan waters, while the others, such as Pinna muricata and Pinna atropurpurca, are restricted more or less to the tropical waters south of the Hainan Island.
3. The range of vertical distribution of the above mentioned species is shown in table. 1. All species inhabit the sublittoral zone with the exception of Pinna muricata, which is abundantly found in the middle and lower parts of the intertidal zone. They may also be occasionally found near the lower tide mark, but these are mostly ju?enilcs. Pinna (Atrina) penna is found at depths of from 25 to 100 meters or more. Pinna (Atrina) pectinata, Pinna atropurpurea and Pinna attenuata are abundant at depths between 30-50 meters. |
| Key words: Chinese Pinnidae |
