| 摘要: |
| 为了探明我国近海大黄鱼种群的变异情况并探讨其种群划分问题，从1958年秋季开始，我们即以近海各主要产卵场的大黄鱼生殖鱼群为基础，着手研究其种群形态特征的变异规律，井以此作为划分种群的指标之一。
根据我们过去对中国东海和南海大黄鱼三个主要生殖鱼群(浙江北部岱衢洋和福建北部官井洋两个春季生殖鱼群及广东西部硇洲岛近海秋季生殖鱼群)的研究，可知它们不仅彼此在生物学特点方面有所不同，而且在形态特征上，如鳃耙数、鳔侧枝数和尾柄高等，也存在着一定的差异。因此曾提出，岱衢洋与硇洲岛近海的两个鱼群应属于两个不同的地理种群（地方族），前者称为岱衢族，后者称为硇洲族；官井洋鱼群则划为岱衢族的一个生态学种群。
大黄鱼在我国近海，北起黄海中部，南到南海雷州半岛以东均有分布，比较明显的产卵场有10个之多。显然，仅以三个主要生殖鱼群的资料来研究大黄鱼种群形态特征的地理变异规律及划分地理种群是不够全面的。所以，我们又在1960年春季和秋季分别补充采集了另外四个产卵场和渔场的生殖鱼群标本：黄海南部吕泗洋产卵场、东海浙江中部猫头洋产卵场、南海珠江口以东的南澳岛近海和汕尾外海渔场。这样，由北到南我们共采集到吕泗洋、岱衢洋、猫头洋、官井洋、南澳、汕尾和硇洲等七个生殖鱼群的标本(图1)。并分别按统一标准进行了分节的和体型量度特征的测定，将测得数据按生物统计学方法作了处理。
由于条件的限制，未能收集到所有大黄鱼产卵场的标本。但根据上注七个生殖鱼群的标本分析结果，使我们对大黄鱼地理种重划分的问题有了更进一步的认识。 |
| 关键词: 大黄鱼 形态特征 地理变异 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第186号 |
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| THE GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS AND THE PROBLEM OF GEOGRAPHICAL POPULATIONS IN THE LARGE YELLOW CROAKER,PSEUDOSCIAENA CROCEA (RICHARDSON) |
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Tian Ming-Cheng, Xu Gong-Zhao, Yu Ri-Xiu
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Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica
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| Abstract: |
| The present paper deals with the variation of meristic and measurement characters in 7 principal spawning shoals of the Large Yellow Croaker along the coast of China. The problem of classification of its geographical populations is also discussed.
Analyses of our samples yeilded the following results:
1. Both the average and the frequency distribution of the meristic characters, such as the gil1-rakers and branches of the air-bladder, and of the measurement characters such as eye-diameter, the depth of the caudal peduncle, the body depth, etc., increase or decrease gradually from the north to the south according to the distribution of the populations. It is worth mentioning that individuals with 27 vertebrae were met with in the three main shoals off Kiangsu and Chekiang belonging to the northern area of distribution, but not in the southern ones.
2. Basing upon the comparative analyses of Mdiff and frequency distribution of some characters, together with the data on oceanographical conditions, peculiarities of reproduction, and the structure of the populations, we further classify the Large Yellow Croaker along the coast of China into three geographical populations--the Tai-chu race, the Min-Uehtung race and the Naochow race. Among these three races the difference between Tai-chu and Naochow races is very conspicuous, while the Min-Uehtung race has a transitional disposition.
3. The relationships between morphological characters of the populations and some environmental factors are also preliminarily discussed. |
| Key words: Large Yellow Croaker geographical populations meristic and measurement character |
