| 摘要: |
| 染色体操作技术包括雌核发育及多倍体人工诱导等，可快速纯化性状，获得单性群体、生长快和不育/低育个体，是现代遗传育种和遗传改良的重要技术途径，近年来其应用也越来越广泛。其快速纯化、低育及生物安全的特点在基因编辑、借腹怀胎等前沿技术的研究与应用中也极具价值。本文在简述鱼类染色体操作概念和诱导原理基础上，系统介绍了我国海水鱼类雌核发育、多倍体的人工诱导和生物学机制，及其在遗传育种中的研究进展与生产实践等，以期为染色体操作在海水鱼类新种创制、生物技术中的研究与应用提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 雌核发育 三倍体 四倍体 海水鱼类 遗传育种 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学(31772834); 国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0901202) |
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| Progress in study and application on chromosome manipulation of marine fishes in China |
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You Feng, WU Zhihao
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Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| Chromosome manipulation technology, including artificial induction of gynogenesis and polyploid, can quickly purify characters, and obtain mono-sex, fast grow and low fertility populations. It has been an important part of modern genetic breeding and genetic improvement. The technology has been widely developed in recent years. The characteristics of rapid purification, infertility/low fertility and biosafety are of great value in the application of advanced biotechnologies such as fish gene editing breeding and surrogate broodstock. This paper presents the concept and principle of fish chromosome operation briefly. Then, the research progresses on induction and biological mechanism of gynogenesis and polyploid induction of marine fish in China, as well as their application, are introduced. The present review would provide valuable references for the research of novel genetic breeding and biotechnological development in marine fish by using chromosome operation. |
| Key words: gynogenesis triploid tetraploid marine fishes genetic breeding |